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<title>Brock Chisholm</title>

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Brock Chisholm

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</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Brock Chisholm</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">CC</a> <a href="Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">CBE</a> <a href="Military_Cross" title="Military Cross">MC</a> <a href="Canadian_Efficiency_Decoration" title="Canadian Efficiency Decoration">ED</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Chisholm in 1950</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">First <a href="Director-General_of_the_World_Health_Organization" title="Director-General of the World Health Organization">Director-General of the World Health Organization</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 1948–1953</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Position established</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Marcolino_Gomes_Candau" title="Marcolino Gomes Candau">Marcolino Gomes Candau</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">George Brock Chisholm</div> (1896-05-18)18 May 1896 <a href="Oakville%2C_Ontario" title="Oakville, Ontario">Oakville, Ontario</a>, Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">4 February 1971(1971-02-04) (aged 74) <a href="Victoria%2C_British_Columbia" title="Victoria, British Columbia">Victoria, British Columbia</a>, Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1298804929">

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<div class="marriage-display-inline"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Grace Ryrie Chisholm</div>

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</style>1924)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a> (<a href="Doctor_of_Medicine" title="Doctor of Medicine">MD</a>) <a href="Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table>

George Brock Chisholm <a href="Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">CC</a> <a href="Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">CBE</a> <a href="Military_Cross" title="Military Cross">MC</a> <a href="Canadian_Efficiency_Decoration" title="Canadian Efficiency Decoration">ED</a> (18 May 1896 – 4 February 1971) was a Canadian psychiatrist, medical practitioner, <a href="World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> veteran, and the first <a href="Director-General_of_the_World_Health_Organization" title="Director-General of the World Health Organization">director-general</a> of the <a href="World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO). He was the 13th Canadian <a href="Surgeon_General_(Canada)" title="Surgeon General (Canada)">Surgeon General</a> and the recipient of <a href="#Honors,_awards">numerous accolades</a>, including <a href="Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">Order of Canada</a>, <a href="Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">Order of the British Empire</a>,<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> <a href="Military_Cross" title="Military Cross">Military Cross</a>, and the military <a href="Efficiency_Decoration" title="Efficiency Decoration">Efficiency Decoration</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-WHOblurb-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-WHObio-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Historica-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-HarvardSquare-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Psychiatry-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Farley-8">[8]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div>

Brock Chisholm was born on 18 May 1896, in <a href="Oakville%2C_Ontario" title="Oakville, Ontario">Oakville, Ontario</a>, to a family with deep ties to the region. Under <a href="Isaac_Black" class="mw-redirect" title="Isaac Black">Sir Isaac Brock</a>, his <a href="William_Chisholm_(Upper_Canada_politician)" title="William Chisholm (Upper Canada politician)">great-grandfather</a> fought against the <a href="United_States" title="United States">Americans</a> during the <a href="War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>. His great grandfather’s brother, William, was Oakville’s founder. His father was Frank Chisholm, who ran a coal yard.<a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-WHOblurb-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-WHObio-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Historica-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-HarvardSquare-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Psychiatry-7">[7]</a> He had a Presbyterian upbringing.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3></div>

In 1915 during the <a href="World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a>, age 18, Chisholm joined the <a href="Canadian_Expeditionary_Force" title="Canadian Expeditionary Force">Canadian Expeditionary Force</a>, serving in the <a href="15th_Battalion%2C_CEF" class="mw-redirect" title="15th Battalion, CEF">15th Battalion, CEF</a> as a <a href="Cook_(profession)" title="Cook (profession)">cook</a>, <a href="Sniper" title="Sniper">sniper</a>, <a href="Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">machine gunner</a> and <a href="Reconnaissance" title="Reconnaissance">scout</a>. His leadership and heroism were twice rewarded (after being twice wounded): with a <a href="Military_Cross" title="Military Cross">Military Cross</a> for his efforts in a battle outside of <a href="Lens%2C_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Lens, France">Lens</a>, <a href="France" title="France">France</a>; and the Bar. He rose to the rank of <a href="Captain_(land)" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain (land)">captain</a>, was injured once, and returned home in 1917.<a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-WHObio-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Historica-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-HarvardSquare-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Psychiatry-7">[7]</a> The full citation for his Military Cross appeared in <a href="The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a> in March 1918 and reads as follows:

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</style><blockquote class="templatequote">For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. Throughout an attack he led his men with great skill and complete disregard of personal safety, and when the company on his left lost all its officers he went over to them and organised a defensive flank–one of the most difficult and important parts of the whole attack. Later in the day, he fearlessly led a party against an enemy counter-attack, which he broke up and repulsed with very heavy losses. He showed the greatest coolness and determination on this occasion.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></blockquote>

His bar's citation:

<blockquote class="templatequote">During two attacks this officer led his platoon with great courage under very heavy fire, dressing the wounds of some of his men at great risk to himself, and when more than half of his men were casualties he disposed the remainder with great ability, and consolidated his position. He set a brilliant example to his men.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></blockquote>

After the war, Chisholm pursued his lifelong passion of <a href="Medicine" title="Medicine">medicine</a>, earning his <a href="Doctor_of_Medicine" title="Doctor of Medicine">MD</a> from the <a href="University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a> by 1924 before interning in <a href="England" title="England">England</a>, where he specialized in <a href="Psychiatry" title="Psychiatry">psychiatry</a>. After six years in private practice in his native Oakville, he attended <a href="Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> where he specialized in the mental health of children. During this time, Chisholm developed his strong view that children should be raised in an "as intellectually free environment" as possible, independent of the prejudices and biases (political, moral and religious) of their parents.<a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Historica-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-HarvardSquare-6">[6]</a>

At the outbreak of the <a href="World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a>, Chisholm rapidly rose in stature within the Canadian military and government. He joined the war effort as a <a href="Psychiatrist" title="Psychiatrist">psychiatrist</a> dealing with psychological aspects of soldier training, before rising to the rank of Director General Medical Services, the highest position within the medical ranks of the <a href="Canadian_Army" title="Canadian Army">Canadian Army</a>. He was the first psychiatrist to head the medical ranks of any army in the world.<a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-WHObio-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Historica-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-HarvardSquare-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Psychiatry-7">[7]</a>

In 1944, the Canadian Government created the position of Deputy Minister of Health. Chisholm was the first person to occupy the post and held it until 1946.<a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-WHObio-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Historica-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-HarvardSquare-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Psychiatry-7">[7]</a>

In 1946, Chisholm became executive secretary of the Interim Commission of the <a href="World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO), based in <a href="Geneva%2C_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva, Switzerland">Geneva</a>, <a href="Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>. The WHO succeeded the <a href="League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a>'s Health Organization. Chishom was one of 16 international experts consulted in drafting the agency's first constitution. He recommended the WHO's name, with emphasis on "world." He defined health for the WHO as "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." The WHO charter also established that health is a fundamental human right and that "the health of all peoples is fundamental to the attainment of peace and security."<a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-WHOblurb-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-WHObio-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Historica-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-HarvardSquare-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Psychiatry-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a>

The WHO became a permanent <a href="United_Nations" title="United Nations">UN</a> fixture in April 1948, and Chisholm became the agency's first Director General on a 46–2 vote. Chisholm was now in the unique position of being able to bring his views on the importance of international mental and physical health to the world. Refusing re-election, he occupied the post until 1953, during which time the WHO dealt successfully with a <a href="Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a> epidemic in <a href="Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> outbreaks in <a href="Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> and <a href="Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>, and introduced shortwave epidemic-warning services for ships at sea.<a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-WHOblurb-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-WHObio-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Historica-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-HarvardSquare-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Psychiatry-7">[7]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_career">Later career</h3></div>

Chisholm served as president of the <a href="World_Federation_of_Mental_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="World Federation of Mental Health">World Federation of Mental Health</a> (1957–58).<a href="#cite_note-WHObio-4">[4]</a>

He was one of the signatories of the agreement to convene a convention for drafting a <a href="World_constitution" title="World constitution">world constitution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> As a result, for the first time in human history, a <a href="World_Constituent_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="World Constituent Assembly">World Constituent Assembly</a> convened to draft and adopt the <a href="Constitution_for_the_Federation_of_Earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution for the Federation of Earth">Constitution for the Federation of Earth</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beliefs">Beliefs</h2></div>

Chisholm was a controversial public speaker who nevertheless spoke with great conviction, and drew much criticism from the Canadian public for comments in the mid-1940s that children should not be encouraged to believe in <a href="Santa_Claus" title="Santa Claus">Santa Claus</a>, the Bible or anything he regarded as <a href="Supernaturalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Supernaturalism">supernaturalism</a>. Calls for his resignation as Deputy Minister of Health were quelled by his appointment as Executive Secretary of the WHO, but his public perception as "Canada's most famously articulate angry man" lingered.<a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Historica-5">[5]</a>

In February 1946, Chisholm spoke from the pulpit to the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.firstunitarianottawa.ca/">First Unitarian Congregation of Ottawa</a>. At that time he was not a Unitarian, but he later became a member of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://victoriaunitarian.ca/">First Unitarian Church of Victoria</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> and served as Moderator of the <a href="American_Unitarian_Association" title="American Unitarian Association">American Unitarian Association</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HarvardSquare-6">[6]</a>

Five decades after his death, Chisholm's beliefs were still exciting controversy. In June 2024, a blogger analysed Chisholm's writings and career, coming to the conclusion that, although Chisholm may have been neither a declared Marxist nor a Communist, he had nonetheless "... been working diligently for a worldwide socialistic system... and we know socialism is just one of many forms of collectivism located in the same parking lot as Marxism."<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> In April 2024, an internet fact-checker came to the conclusion that, although Chisholm wasn't the source of a widely-circulated quotation, this provocative sentence was nonetheless a valid summary of an article Chisholm had published in 1946 "barring the reference to 'individualism'". In their Facebook post, this fact-checker was highly critical of Chisholm's strongly-felt view "that 'morality' and the 'poisonous certainties' fed to us by our 'parents, Sunday school teachers, priests' and others should be thrown away in favor of SELF-directed 'intellectual freedom'."<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage">Marriage</h2></div>

On 21 June 1924, Chisholm married Grace McLean Ryrie. They had two children, Catherine Anne and Brock Ryrie.<a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-HarvardSquare-6">[6]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2></div>

On 4 February 1971, Chisholm died age 74 in Veterans' Hospital, <a href="Victoria%2C_British_Columbia" title="Victoria, British Columbia">Victoria, British Columbia</a>, after a series of strokes.<a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-WHOblurb-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-WHObio-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Historica-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-HarvardSquare-6">[6]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors,_awards">Honors, awards</h2></div>

Chisholm's honors and awards include:

<ul><li>1945: Medal of the <a href="Pasteur_Institute" title="Pasteur Institute">Pasteur Institute</a><a href="#cite_note-WHObio-4">[4]</a></li>

<li>1953: Lasker Award<a href="#cite_note-WHObio-4">[4]</a></li>

<li>1957: Honorary President of the <a href="World_Federalist_Movement-Canada" title="World Federalist Movement-Canada">World Federalist Movement-Canada</a><a href="#cite_note-WHObio-4">[4]</a></li>

<li>1959: Humanist of the Year (<a href="American_Humanist_Association" title="American Humanist Association">American Humanist Association</a>)<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></li>

<li>1967: Companion of the <a href="Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">Order of Canada</a><a href="#cite_note-WHObio-4">[4]</a></li></ul>

He was an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine, of the American Psychiatric Association, and the American Public Health Association among others.<a href="#cite_note-WHObio-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Psychiatry-7">[7]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2></div>

One reviewer of John Farley's biography<a href="#cite_note-Farley-8">[8]</a> lauded Chisholm's visionary ideas and asserted that "his worthy legacy does honor to Canada".<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Another reviewer asserted that "There were no tears, in Canada or anywhere else, when Chisholm announced his retirement at age 57 in 1953... Chisholm’s vision for the WHO was impractical and a failure. The organization evolved almost literally in spite of its director general."<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a>

At his death, the New York Times remembered Chisholm as a "small-town doctor who became director general of the World Health Organization" and also called him "Prophet of Disaster."<a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-2">[2]</a>

Historica Canada notes he was an early leader in warning about the "danger of pollution, overpopulation, and the nuclear arms race."<a href="#cite_note-Historica-5">[5]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2></div>

<ul><li>Social responsibility, and three memorial papers by Gordon W. Allport (New York: Association Press, 1948)</li>

<li>World health problems. Barriers to world health (New York: <a href="Carnegie_Endowment_for_International_Peace" title="Carnegie Endowment for International Peace">Carnegie Endowment for International Peace</a>, 1953)</li>

<li>Nations are learning to live together (Vancouver: University of British Columbia, 1954)</li>

<li>Prescription for survival (New York: Columbia University Press, 1957)</li>

<li>Can people learn to learn? How to know each other (New York: Harper, 1958)</li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO)</li>

<li><a href="Surgeon_General_(Canada)" title="Surgeon General (Canada)">Surgeon General (Canada)</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_books%2C_articles_and_documentaries_about_snipers" title="List of books, articles and documentaries about snipers">List of books, articles and documentaries about snipers</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/35842/supplement/56">"Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood"</a>. Third Supplement to the London Gazette of Tuesday the 29th of December 1942 (35842): 56. 1943-01-01. Retrieved 9 January 2025.</cite>

</li>

<cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1971/02/05/archives/dr-brock-chisholm-former-who-head-diesi-outspoken-psychiatrist-was.html">"Dr. Brock Chisholm, Former W.H.O. Head, Dies"</a>. New York Times. 5 February 1971. Retrieved 19 November 2017.</cite>

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<cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170420025405/http://www.who.int/dg/chisholm/en/">"Former Director-General: Dr Brock Chisholm, Director-General"</a>. World Health Organization. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/dg/chisholm/en/">the original</a> on April 20, 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2017.</cite>

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<cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170916105634/http://www.who.int/dg/chisholm/chisholm/en/">"Director-General's Office: Dr George Brock Chisholm"</a>. World Health Organization. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/dg/chisholm/chisholm/en/">the original</a> on September 16, 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2017.</cite>

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<cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/brock-chisholm/">"Brock Chisholm"</a>. Historica Canada. Retrieved 19 November 2017.</cite>

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<cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.harvardsquarelibrary.org/biographies/brock-chisholm-2/">"Chisholm, Brock (1896–1971)"</a>. Harvard Square Library. 2012-07-28. Retrieved 19 November 2017.</cite>

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<cite id="CITEREFj.d.g1971" class="citation journal cs1">j.d.g (1 April 1971). "George Brock Chisholm – 1896-1971". Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal. 16 (2): 166. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F070674377101600212">10.1177/070674377101600212</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4934395">4934395</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:208218910">208218910</a>.</cite>

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<cite id="CITEREFFarley2009" class="citation book cs1">Farley, John (1 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6C4s0PoJB5YC">Brock Chisholm, the World Health Organization, and the Cold War</a>. UBC Press. pp. 63 (subversive). <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780774858403</bdi>. Retrieved 19 November 2017.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z2FFAAAAYAAJ&q=%22brock+chisholm%22+%22presbyterian%22">The Psychiatry of Enduring Peace and Social Progress</a>. William Alanson White Psychiatric Foundation. 1946.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFSmith2024" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Frederick R. (2024-06-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://frederickrsmith.substack.com/p/crazy-chisholm-20-11-07?utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web">"Crazy Chisholm"</a>. Retrieved 8 January 2025.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFGunn2009" class="citation journal cs1">Gunn, S. William A. (July–August 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bcmj.org/news/book-review-brock-chisholm-world-health-organization-cold-war">"Book review: Brock Chisholm, the World Health Organization, & the Cold War"</a>. BC Medical Journal. 51 (6): 262. Retrieved 9 January 2025.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBliss2008" class="citation journal cs1">Bliss, Michael (June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reviewcanada.ca/magazine/2008/06/w-h-o-is-brock-chisholm/">"WHO Is Brock Chisholm?"</a>. Literary Review of Canada. Retrieved 9 January 2025.</cite>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Brock_Chisholm" class="extiw external" title="q:Brock Chisholm">Brock Chisholm</a>.</div></div>

</div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://siarchives.si.edu/collections/siris_arc_290740">Smithsonian Institution Archives</a>: Photo of Brock Chisholm</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://canadiangreatwarproject.com/searches/soldierDetail.asp?ID=163720">Canadian Great War Project</a> Captain George Brock Chisholm</li>

<li><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wayback.vefsafn.is/wayback/20130317115106/http://search.who.int/">Search</a>, Who, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.who.int/">the original</a> on 2013-03-17</cite>.</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040604114420/http://www.harvardsquarelibrary.org/unitarians/chisholm.html">Biography and News Stories</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040705115100/http://collections.ic.gc.ca/heirloom_series/volume6/296-297.htm">Biography</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040617090749/http://www.who.int/archives/who50/en/directors.htm">World Health Organization Biography</a></li>

<li><a href="Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Office of the Governor General of Canada</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.gg.ca/honours/search-recherche/honours-desc.asp?lang=e&TypeID=orc&id=1885">Order of Canada citation</a>. Queen's Printer for Canada. Retrieved 26 May 2010</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://generals.dk/general/Chisholm/George_Brock/Canada.html">Generals of World War II</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Chisholm%2C%20George%20Brock%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Chisholm%2C%20George%20B%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Chisholm%2C%20G%2E%20B%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22George%20Brock%20Chisholm%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22George%20B%2E%20Chisholm%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22G%2E%20B%2E%20Chisholm%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Chisholm%2C%20George%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22George%20Chisholm%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22George%20Brock%20Chisholm%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22George%20B%2E%20Chisholm%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22G%2E%20B%2E%20Chisholm%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22G%2E%20Brock%20Chisholm%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Chisholm%2C%20George%20Brock%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Chisholm%2C%20George%20B%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Chisholm%2C%20G%2E%20B%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Chisholm%2C%20G%2E%20Brock%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22George%20Chisholm%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Chisholm%2C%20George%22%20OR%20title%3A%22George%20Brock%20Chisholm%22%20OR%20title%3A%22George%20B%2E%20Chisholm%22%20OR%20title%3A%22G%2E%20B%2E%20Chisholm%22%20OR%20title%3A%22George%20Chisholm%22%20OR%20description%3A%22George%20Brock%20Chisholm%22%20OR%20description%3A%22George%20B%2E%20Chisholm%22%20OR%20description%3A%22G%2E%20B%2E%20Chisholm%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Chisholm%2C%20George%20Brock%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Chisholm%2C%20George%20B%2E%22%20OR%20description%3A%22George%20Chisholm%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Chisholm%2C%20George%22%29%20OR%20%28%221896-1971%22%20AND%20Chisholm%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Brock Chisholm</a> at the <a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Directors-general_of_the_World_Health_Organization212" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Director-General_of_the_World_Health_Organization" title="Director-General of the World Health Organization">Directors-general</a> of the <a href="World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul>

<li><a href="Marcolino_Gomes_Candau" title="Marcolino Gomes Candau">Gomes</a></li>

<li><a href="Halfdan_T._Mahler" title="Halfdan T. Mahler">Mahler</a></li>

<li><a href="Hiroshi_Nakajima" title="Hiroshi Nakajima">Nakajima</a></li>

<li><a href="Gro_Harlem_Brundtland" title="Gro Harlem Brundtland">Brundtland</a></li>

<li><a href="Anders_Nordstr%C3%B6m" title="Anders Nordström">Nordström</a>2</li>

<li><a href="Tedros_Adhanom_Ghebreyesus" title="Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus">Tedros</a></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization"></a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>1 Died in office in 2006. 2 Acting director-general.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_War_I_snipers685" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="World_War_I_snipers685" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">World War I <a href="Sniper" title="Sniper">snipers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Australia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Billy_Sing" title="Billy Sing">Billy Sing</a></li>

<li><a href="Ion_Idriess" title="Ion Idriess">Ion Idriess</a> (spotter)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Britain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Hesketh_Hesketh-Prichard" title="Hesketh Hesketh-Prichard">Hesketh Hesketh-Prichard</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Canada</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Grey_Owl" title="Grey Owl">Grey Owl</a> (Archibald Belaney)</li>

<li><a href="Joseph_Gregory_(sniper)" title="Joseph Gregory (sniper)">Joseph Arthur Gregory</a></li>

<li><a href="Henry_Norwest" title="Henry Norwest">Henry Norwest</a></li>

<li><a href="Johnson_Paudash" title="Johnson Paudash">Johnson Paudash</a></li>

<li><a href="Francis_Pegahmagabow" title="Francis Pegahmagabow">Francis Pegahmagabow</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Newfoundland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="John_Shiwak" title="John Shiwak">John Shiwak</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Richard_Travis" title="Richard Travis">Richard Travis</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="John_L._Barkley" title="John L. Barkley">John L. Barkley</a></li>

<li><a href="Herman_Davis" title="Herman Davis">Herman Davis</a></li>

<li><a href="Ed_Klepfer" title="Ed Klepfer">Ed Klepfer</a></li>

<li><a href="John_H._Pruitt" title="John H. Pruitt">John H. Pruitt</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Loophole_(firearm)" title="Loophole (firearm)">Loophole</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Constitutional_Convention_call_signatories1024" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="World_Constitutional_Convention_call_signatories1024" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="World_Constitutional_Convention" title="World Constitutional Convention">World Constitutional Convention</a> <a href="World_Constitutional_Convention_call" class="mw-redirect" title="World Constitutional Convention call">call</a> signatories</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li> <a href="Constitution_for_the_Federation_of_Earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution for the Federation of Earth">Constitution for the Federation of Earth</a> </li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="World_Constitution_Coordinating_Committee" title="World Constitution Coordinating Committee">World Constitution Coordinating Committee</a></li>

<li><a href="Thane_Read" title="Thane Read">Thane Read</a></li>

<li><a href="Philip_Isely" title="Philip Isely">Philip Isely</a></li>

<li><a href="Margaret_Isely" title="Margaret Isely">Margaret Isely</a></li>

<li><a href="Georgia_Lloyd" title="Georgia Lloyd">Georgia Lloyd</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries">Countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li> <a href="Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li>

<li> <a href="Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li>

<li> <a href="Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li>

<li> <a href="Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li>

<li> <a href="Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Heads of government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="President_(government_title)" title="President (government title)">Presidents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="France" title="France"></a> <a href="Edgar_Faure" title="Edgar Faure">Edgar Faure</a></li>

<li><a href="Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica"></a> <a href="Francisco_Orlich_Bolmarcich" title="Francisco Orlich Bolmarcich">Francisco Orlich Bolmarcich</a></li>

<li><a href="Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica"></a> <a href="Jos%C3%A9_Figueres_Ferrer" title="José Figueres Ferrer">José Figueres Ferrer</a></li>

<li><a href="Tanzania" title="Tanzania"></a> <a href="Julius_Nyerere" title="Julius Nyerere">Julius Nyerere</a></li>

<li><a href="Senegal" title="Senegal"></a> <a href="L%C3%A9opold_S%C3%A9dar_Senghor" title="Léopold Sédar Senghor">Léopold Sédar Senghor</a></li>

<li><a href="Pakistan" title="Pakistan"></a> <a href="Ayub_Khan" title="Ayub Khan">Muhammad Ayub Khan</a></li>

<li><a href="Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica"></a> <a href="Otilio_Ulate_Blanco" title="Otilio Ulate Blanco">Otilio Ulate Blanco</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vice-presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Kenya" title="Kenya"></a> <a href="Jaramogi_Oginga_Odinga" title="Jaramogi Oginga Odinga">Jaramogi Oginga Odinga</a></li>

</ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Prime_Ministers" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Ministers">Prime Ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"></a> <a href="Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a></li>

<li><a href="Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone"></a> <a href="Milton_Margai" title="Milton Margai">Milton Margai</a></li>

<li><a href="Japan" title="Japan"></a> <a href="Tetsu_Katayama" title="Tetsu Katayama">Tetsu Katayama</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Governors" class="mw-redirect" title="Governors">Governors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="California" title="California"></a> <a href="Culbert_Olson" title="Culbert Olson">Culbert Olson</a></li>

<li><a href="Hiroshima_Prefecture" title="Hiroshima Prefecture"></a> <a href="Hiroo_%C5%8Chara" title="Hiroo Ōhara">Hiroo Ōhara</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mayors" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayors">Mayors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Greater_Accra_Region" title="Greater Accra Region"></a> <a href="E.C._Quaye" class="mw-redirect" title="E.C. Quaye">E.C. Quaye</a></li>

<li><a href="Hiroshima_Prefecture" title="Hiroshima Prefecture"></a> <a href="Setsuo_Yamada" title="Setsuo Yamada">Setsuo Yamada</a></li>

<li><a href="Hiroshima_Prefecture" title="Hiroshima Prefecture"></a> <a href="Shinzo_Hamai" title="Shinzo Hamai">Shinzo Hamai</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Politicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Politicians">Politicians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li> <a href="Cornelis_Berkhouwer" title="Cornelis Berkhouwer">Cornelis Berkhouwer</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Pakistan" title="Pakistan"></a> <a href="Ahmed_Ebrahim_Haroon_Jaffer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed Ebrahim Haroon Jaffer">Ahmed Ebrahim Haroon Jaffer</a></li>

<li><a href="Japan" title="Japan"></a> <a href="Akira_Kazami" title="Akira Kazami">Akira Kazami</a></li>

<li><a href="India" title="India"></a> <a href="B._Satya_Narayan_Reddy" title="B. Satya Narayan Reddy">B. Satya Narayan Reddy</a></li>

<li><a href="Japan" title="Japan"></a> <a href="Chiyo_Sakakibara" title="Chiyo Sakakibara">Chiyo Sakakibara</a></li>

<li><a href="India" title="India"></a> <a href="Diwan_Chaman_Lall" title="Diwan Chaman Lall">Diwan Chaman Lall</a></li>

<li><a href="Mexico" title="Mexico"></a> <a href="Ezequiel_Padilla_Pe%C3%B1aloza" title="Ezequiel Padilla Peñaloza">Ezequiel Padilla Peñaloza</a></li>

<li><a href="Germany" title="Germany"></a> <a href="Gerhard_Jahn" title="Gerhard Jahn">Gerhard Jahn</a></li>

<li><a href="Japan" title="Japan"></a> <a href="Hisato_Ichimada" title="Hisato Ichimada">Hisato Ichimada</a></li>

<li><a href="United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"></a> <a href="Henry_Usborne" title="Henry Usborne">Henry Usborne</a></li>

<li><a href="Japan" title="Japan"></a> <a href="Ichir%C5%8D_Kiyose" title="Ichirō Kiyose">Ichirō Kiyose</a></li>

<li><a href="India" title="India"></a> <a href="Inder_Kumar_Gujral" title="Inder Kumar Gujral">Inder Kumar Gujral</a></li>

<li><a href="France" title="France"></a> <a href="Ir%C3%A8ne_de_Lipkowski" title="Irène de Lipkowski">Irène de Lipkowski</a></li>

<li><a href="United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"></a> <a href="John_Foster_(MP_for_Northwich)" title="John Foster (MP for Northwich)">John Foster</a></li>

<li><a href="India" title="India"></a> <a href="Kanaiyalal_Maneklal_Munshi" title="Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi">Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi</a></li>

<li><a href="Japan" title="Japan"></a> <a href="Kenz%C5%8D_Matsumura" title="Kenzō Matsumura">Kenzō Matsumura</a></li>

<li><a href="Ghana" title="Ghana"></a> <a href="Komla_Agbeli_Gbedemah" title="Komla Agbeli Gbedemah">Komla Agbeli Gbedemah</a></li>

<li><a href="United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"></a> <a href="Lewis_Silkin%2C_1st_Baron_Silkin" title="Lewis Silkin, 1st Baron Silkin">Lewis Silkin</a></li>

<li><a href="India" title="India"></a> <a href="N._G._Ranga" title="N. G. Ranga">N. G. Ranga</a></li>

<li><a href="Brazil" title="Brazil"></a> <a href="Pascoal_Ranieri_Mazzilli" title="Pascoal Ranieri Mazzilli">Pascoal Ranieri Mazzilli</a></li>

<li><a href="Scotland" title="Scotland"></a> <a href="Patrick_Wolrige-Gordon" title="Patrick Wolrige-Gordon">Patrick Wolrige-Gordon</a></li>

<li><a href="United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"></a> <a href="William_Beveridge" title="William Beveridge">William Beveridge</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Religious_leader" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious leader">Religious leaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Abb%C3%A9_Pierre" title="Abbé Pierre">Abbé Pierre</a></li>

<li><a href="Dana_McLean_Greeley" title="Dana McLean Greeley">Dana McLean Greeley</a></li>

<li><a href="George_MacLeod" title="George MacLeod">George MacLeod</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Collins_(priest)" title="John Collins (priest)">John Collins</a></li>

<li><a href="Martin_Niem%C3%B6ller" title="Martin Niemöller">Martin Niemöller</a></li>

<li><a href="Michael_Scott_(priest)" title="Michael Scott (priest)">Michael Scott</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel laureates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Physics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Alfred Kastler</a></li>

<li><a href="C._F._Powell" title="C. F. Powell">C. F. Powell</a></li>

<li><a href="Hideki_Yukawa" title="Hideki Yukawa">Hideki Yukawa</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chemistry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a> (twice)</li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Physiology or Medicine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Albert_Szent-Gy%C3%B6rgyi" title="Albert Szent-Györgyi">Albert Szent-Györgyi</a></li>

<li><a href="Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards">Dickinson W. Richards</a></li>

<li><a href="Hermann_Joseph_Muller" title="Hermann Joseph Muller">Hermann Joseph Muller</a></li>

<li><a href="Macfarlane_Burnet" title="Macfarlane Burnet">Macfarlane Burnet</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a></li>

<li><a href="Salvatore_Quasimodo" title="Salvatore Quasimodo">Salvatore Quasimodo</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peace</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Joseph_Rotblat" title="Joseph Rotblat">Joseph Rotblat</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multiple</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a> (Chemistry & Peace)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Scientists" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientists">Scientists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Charles_C._Price" title="Charles C. Price">Charles C. Price</a></li>

<li><a href="Edward_Condon" title="Edward Condon">Edward Condon</a></li>

<li><a href="Edris_Rice-Wray_Carson" title="Edris Rice-Wray Carson">Edris Rice-Wray Carson</a></li>

<li><a href="Harlow_Shapley" title="Harlow Shapley">Harlow Shapley</a></li>

<li><a href="Jean_Orcel" title="Jean Orcel">Jean Orcel</a></li>

<li><a href="Pitirim_Sorokin" title="Pitirim Sorokin">Pitirim Sorokin</a></li>

<li><a href="Priyadaranjan_Ray" title="Priyadaranjan Ray">Priyadaranjan Ray</a></li>

<li><a href="Ren%C3%A9_Dumont" title="René Dumont">René Dumont</a></li>

<li><a href="Wilder_Penfield" title="Wilder Penfield">Wilder Penfield</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Human_rights_activists" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights activists">Human rights activists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Humanitarians" class="mw-redirect" title="Humanitarians">Humanitarians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Andr%C3%A9_and_Magda_Trocm%C3%A9" title="André and Magda Trocmé">André and Magda Trocmé</a> (Righteous Among the Nations)</li>

</ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Veterans" class="mw-redirect" title="Veterans">Veterans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Hugh_B._Hester" title="Hugh B. Hester">Hugh B. Hester</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Varied fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Arthur_Ernest_Bishop" title="Arthur Ernest Bishop">Arthur Ernest Bishop</a> (inventor)</li>

<li><a href="David_Alfaro_Siqueiros" title="David Alfaro Siqueiros">David Alfaro Siqueiros</a> (Social realist)</li>

<li><a href="E._M._L._Odjidja" title="E. M. L. Odjidja">E. M. L. Odjidja</a> (teacher)</li>

<li><a href="Edward_J._Sparling" title="Edward J. Sparling">Edward J. Sparling</a> (educator)</li>

<li><a href="Erich_Kahler" title="Erich Kahler">Erich Kahler</a> (scholar)</li>

<li><a href="Gregorio_Bermann" title="Gregorio Bermann">Gregorio Bermann</a> (humanist)</li>

<li><a href="Gerard_Piel" title="Gerard Piel">Gerard Piel</a> (science editor)</li>

<li><a href="Henri_Laugier" title="Henri Laugier">Henri Laugier</a> (scholar)</li>

<li><a href="Hugh_J._Schonfield" title="Hugh J. Schonfield">Hugh J. Schonfield</a> (scholar & pacifist)</li>

<li><a href="Kaoru_%C5%8Cta" title="Kaoru Ōta">Kaoru Ōta</a> (union leader)</li>

<li><a href="Kay_Boyle" title="Kay Boyle">Kay Boyle</a> (writer)</li>

<li><a href="Lloyd_Morain" title="Lloyd Morain">Lloyd Morain</a> (humanist)</li>

<li><a href="Mark_Van_Doren" title="Mark Van Doren">Mark Van Doren</a> (writer & scholar)</li>

<li><a href="Maur%C3%ADcio_Campos_de_Medeiros" title="Maurício Campos de Medeiros">Maurício Campos de Medeiros</a> (teacher)</li>

<li><a href="Oscar_Niemeyer" title="Oscar Niemeyer">Oscar Niemeyer</a> (architect)</li>

<li><a href="%C5%8Cuchi_Hy%C5%8Dei" title="Ōuchi Hyōei">Ōuchi Hyōei</a> (economist)</li>

<li><a href="Rameshwari_Nehru" title="Rameshwari Nehru">Rameshwari Nehru</a> (social worker)</li>

<li><a href="Satish_Gujral" title="Satish Gujral">Satish Gujral</a> (artist)</li>

<li><a href="Shigeri_Yamataka" title="Shigeri Yamataka">Shigeri Yamataka</a> (feminist)</li>

<li><a href="Sophia_Wadia" title="Sophia Wadia">Sophia Wadia</a> (theosophist)</li>

<li><a href="Stanley_Slotkin" title="Stanley Slotkin">Stanley Slotkin</a> (businessman)</li>

<li><a href="Stuart_Hall_(cultural_theorist)" title="Stuart Hall (cultural theorist)">Stuart Hall</a> (cultural theorist)</li>

<li><a href="Tamaki_Uemura" title="Tamaki Uemura">Tamaki Uemura</a> (<a href="YWCA" title="YWCA">YWCA</a> executive)</li>

<li><a href="Tano_J%C5%8Ddai" title="Tano Jōdai">Tano Jōdai</a> (teacher & pacifist)</li>

<li><a href="Toyohiko_Kagawa" title="Toyohiko Kagawa">Toyohiko Kagawa</a> (pacifist)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="World_Committee_for_a_World_Constitutional_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="World Committee for a World Constitutional Convention">World Committee for a World Constitutional Convention</a></li>

<li><a href="Provisional_World_Parliament" title="Provisional World Parliament">Provisional World Parliament</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="World_constitution" title="World constitution">World constitution</a></li>

<li><a href="World_government" title="World government">World government</a></li>

<li><a href="World_federalism" class="mw-redirect" title="World federalism">World federalism</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li>Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.afb.org/HelenKellerArchive?a=d&d=A-HK01-07-B154-F05-028.1.4">[1]</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.afb.org/HelenKellerArchive?a=d&d=A-HK01-07-B149-F04-022.1.3">[2]</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.afb.org/HelenKellerArchive?a=d&d=A-HK01-07-B149-F04-022.1.8">[3]</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Emerging_World_Law.html?id=Qw-IOgAACAAJ">[4]</a></li>

<li> Category</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q923514#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1645" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q923514#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1645" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000010955354X">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/12226429">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.worldcat.org/fast/434530">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJyCJcthxgdDGh7RbmQDv3">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/136275834">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr99018187">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16234059k">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16234059k">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=nlk20000090069&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p128524782">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007450923805171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/171603664">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6g185b3">SNAC</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/person/64e198bd-1f67-4dad-8174-99e9140d7955">Yale LUX</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-02-04" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Brock_Chisholm&oldid=1273871346">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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